Saturday, August 31, 2019

Mankind’s Ability to Survive in Elie Wiesel’s Night Essay

In Elie Wiesel’s Night, he tells of how his family went from being just a regular family in a small town called Sighet, Romania to being thrown into a concentration camp and split apart and then how he and his father were treated and how he got out. Through the novel, Wiesel and his family go from living like regular people living in their home to being in the â€Å"ghetto†, then transported on cramped train cars to Auschwitz, a Nazi death camp for Jewish people. He tells us of what he and his father went through and also tells us of his getting out of the camp. The novel starts out in Sighet, Romania. The small town where Elie Wiesel grew up as a young boy. He grew up with two older sisters and a younger sister. There is an old beggar there that people call Moishe the Beadle. Wiesel spent a lot of time with this man as he had faith and wanted to someone to help him in his Kabbalah studies. When Wiesel asked his father his father asked him why and said no. No one listened to Moishe the Beadle when he had to get deported and then came back with news about what was to come. Everyone thought he was crazy. When people from other places started coming and changing things in the town around for example making â€Å"ghetto† areas, the people started to believe. People were given a certain amount of rations for their family and different families were called for deportation every week. This could also be known as selection. In the ghetto of Sighet, they made up their own government system, police force, social assistance office, labor committee, and hygiene department. In May 1944, the government system was told that their ghettos will be closed immediately and the residents will be deported. The people are not told where they will go, but only that they may take a few of their personal items with them. The voyage to the death camp Auschwitz was long, depriving and harsh. One woman that was in the train car with them named Madame Schachter kept screaming hysterically that she could see flames until beaten to silence by others that wanted her to be quiet. When they got closer and saw the chimneys for themselves is when they came to reality and knew what was happening Upon getting to the camp they are separated by gender, men on the left and women on the right. Wiesel’s mother and younger sister go straight to the gas chambers. Wiesel and his father make it past the first selection in the camp. They do this by lying about their ages; Elie claimed he was 18 and his father in his early 30s. Elie stayed with his father, doing everything he could to make sure he stayed that way. The struggle to survive for Elie and his father was filled with pain, hunger and torture. Some ways that they used to survive were sharing rations with each other and other people, steal rations from others and make sure they were strong enough not to get put in the selection to go to the gas chambers. In August 1944, Wiesel and his father were transferred from Birkenau to Auschwitz III, where their lives changed to avoiding violence and constant search for food, this camp was a work camp. In January 1945, the Germans made all the â€Å"inmates† in the camp march to camps in Germany. Wiesel and his father made it Gleiwitz and were put on a freight train to Buchenwald, 350 miles from Auschwitz. They survived this by doing their best not to fall behind or on the ground; if they fell behind they were shot and trampled on. Wiesel was with his father the whole time. The prisoners were allowed to take a hot bath. They go to the barracks, Wiesel left his father behind. He found his father in a block for the sick and weak. The other men in his father’s bunk beat him to get his food. The men eventually beat him to death and another sick man was in his bunk the next time Wiesel went to see him. His father was brought to the crematorium before dawn by the Kapos. Wiesel was transferred to the children’s block. On April 5, 1945, the â€Å"inmates† were told that their camp is to be liquidated and they are going to be moved. On April 11, a Jewish resistance movement attacked the remaining SS officers and took control. The first American tank arrived at the front gates at six in the evening. The camp was liberated and Wiesel was freed. Everything that Wiesel and his family went through, throughout the novel, tells of how he survived going from death camp to work camp and again to another death camp. He did a lot of things that he didn’t mean, but in doing so he was just trying to survive himself and do what he could to help his father survive as long as he did.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Fractional Distillation Essay

Abstract An equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was separated by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. Using helium as the mobile phase, the distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography. The calculated HETP for the simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and the 3.332 cm/plate for the fractional distillation. Experimental Procedure A copper packed fractional-distillation column was obtained and an apparatus was assembled for fractional distillation. Four clean, dry fraction collectors were obtained and labeled HETP, fraction 1, fraction 2, and fraction 3 respectively. A volume of 40.0 mL of an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene was added to a 100.0-mL round bottom flask attached to the end of the distillation column. Heating chips were added to the round bottom flask in order to speed up the heating process. The 100.0-mL round bottom flask, along with the distillation column was attached to a ring stand over a heat source. The mixture was delicately heated to a boil. The first five drops were collected in the vial labeled HETP. The liquid for vial 1 began collecting when the temperature was 60 C and continued until it was 85 C. Vial 2 began collecting when the temperature was 86ï‚ °C and continued until it was 99 C. Vial 3 was collected at room temperature once the remaining liquid cooled. A volume of 1 micro-liter of each fraction, including the HEPT was added to the gas chromatography apparatus separately in order for each fraction to be analyzed. For simple distillation, the same procedure was followed using an empty, clean, and dry column. Data: Table 1: Simple Distillation Values VariablesHETPFraction 1Fraction 2Pot Residue Temp range,  °C-60-8586-100- Empty Vials & cap, g5.45316.84216.48216.842 Vial & contents, g5.57828.32330.21123.311 Mass of fraction, g0.12511.48113.7296.469 Area GC peak for Cy93.9461.2430.430 Relative mass Cy, g104.2767.97633.7770 % mass Cy93.3692.6349.550 Actual mass Cy, g0.116710.6356.8030 Actual moles Cy0.001390.126.08080 Area GC peak Tol6.684.8730.9874.33 Relative mass Tol, g7.0145.113532.52978.047 % mass Toluene6.647.3750.45100 Actual mass Tol, g0.008384.6156.9266.469 Actual moles Tol0.000090.91770.07510.0702 Table 2: Fractional Distillation Values (Copper Sponge Column) VariablesHETPFraction 1Fraction 2Pot Residue Temp range,  °C67-7071-8586-100- Empty Vials & cap, g5.30416.52815.73616.031 Vial & contents, g5.41227.14725.26026.200 Mass of fraction, g0.10810.6199.52410.169 Area GC peak for Cy49.4378.2240.000 Relative mass Cy, g54.86786.82444.40 % mass Cy99.588.7663.560 Actual mass Cy, g0.10759.4256.0530 Actual moles Cy0.00130.1120.06570 Area GC peak Tol0.19.9022.9457.86 Relative mass Tol, g0.10510.39524.08760.753 % mass Toluene0.511.2436.44100 Actual mass Tol, g0.00051.1943.47110.169 Actual moles Tol0.0000050.01290.03760.1103 Discussion The Northern Pines Chemical Company specializes in manufacturing chemicals from wood products such as turpentine. To obtain pure ÃŽ ±-pinene, it must be separated, using fractional distillation, from the other major component   turpentine, ÃŽ ²-pinene. This company would like to switch to a cheaper and longer-lasting packing material. The objective of this experiment was to separate an equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene by simple and fractional distillation, using an empty column and a copper sponge column respectively. The distillate was analyzed through gas chromatography, using helium as the mobile phase. Helium is a good mobile phase because it acts as an unreactive carrier-gas that pushes the samples through the chromatogram. This information was used to determine which packing material is most effective by comparing HETP values which based on the number of theoretical plates each material provides. Using the copper sponge as packing material in the fractional distil lation column provided a very effective separation of cyclohexane and toluene. The calculated HETP for simple distillation was 8.274 cm/plate and 3.332 cm/plate for fractional distillation. The fractional distillation was more effective because it had a lower HETP value which means that it has a higher number of theoretical plates for the same column length as the simple distillation. When comparing the purity of the major cyclohexane-rich fraction with the starting mixture (the equimolar mixture of cyclohexane and toluene) of each distillation the packing material improved efficiency by more than six percent. One way to recover cyclohexane with even greater purity would be to heat the starting mixture slowly and steadily instead of rapidly, allowing better separation of the components. Another way to improve purity is to make sure the column is properly packed (not too tight) and insulated. Different packing materials will have diverse efficiency for distillation and therefore yield different HETP values. The most efficient packing material used was â€Å"rascing rings,† which provided an HETP of 2.67 cm/plate. The copper sponge material had an HETP value of 3.3 cm/plate, followed by glass beads and coiled copper with 7.5cm/plate and galvanized steel with 12.5 cm/plate. Packing the Northern Pines Chemical Company’s 3ft fractionating column with rascing rings would provide 34.2 plates, which meets the minimum requirement for separating ÃŽ ±- and ÃŽ ²-pinene. Exercises 1) HETP=height/plates Porcelain saddles: 5 cm= (15 cm )/(x )=3 plates Glass Tube: 15 cm= (15 cm )/x=1 plate Vigreux Column: 8 cm= (24 cm)/x=3 plates Total plates= 3+3+1-1(boiling flask) = 6 plates 2) The HETP value and efficiency of separation can be affected by experimental errors. A) If the HETP sample was collected midway through the distillation, the mole fraction of cyclohexane:toluene would be much lower, which would in turn yield a higher HETP value. B) If all of the liquid distilled within 5 minutes of heating, a higher HETP value would be found again because all of the toluene would be distilled as well. This also means poor separation. C) If two packed columns were stacked over the boiling flask instead of one, the HETP value remain the same if the columns were identical because the height and number of plates would be the same.

Thursday, August 29, 2019

EXAM QUESTION Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EXAM QUESTION - Coursework Example The expected cash outflows depend on the bulge of various cost elements, working capital and venture requirement. Particularly the inaccuracy of subjective forecasts and manager tendency to overestimate or underestimate the value of particular actions and its proving useful for evaluating alternatives marketing strategies (Bunn, 2009). It has three components namely value, brand and relationship equity. Value equity refers to customers’ company product assessment based on the offer, price and convenience. McDonalds is an example of a fast food company with a fair pricing policy, and this has raised customer equity and thus had a competition advantage over the competitors in marketing. The customer equity estimate from archived customer’s data enables managers to identify the financial impact of alternative marketing value drivers of the customer’s equity. The areas covered are brand advertising, quality or service improvements, loyalty programs. Through computation, it is possible to determine the economic return for prospective marketing initiative. Estimation of each customer’s lifetime value roots on the data about the frequency of their purchases in a category, the average quantity purchased and historical brand-switching patterns, combined with business’s contribution margin. The necessary purchase data is obtainable from the business’s sales records while brand-switching patterns estimates from either longitudinal panel data or survey data similar to those collected in customer satisfaction studies (Yu-Jia, 2011). It is a term used for an aspect essential for a business or project to achieve its set goals and mission. It is a small number of elements that tend to detach the winners from the losers. It is critical to alter the marketing strategies due to the ever-changing markets in order to meet and satisfy the customer’s needs. An example is in the retailing industry, where location is a fundamental factor. The industry

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

Personal statement for applying to the University for a masters

For applying to the University for a masters program - Personal Statement Example Business, despite being about give and take, when you trim away all the extra bits, follows certain rules of conduct. This may be dictated by social, cultural, political or geographical influences, or by the nature and type of business itself. My first and foremost priority is to familiarize myself with the different ways of conducting business around the globe. My application to the Masters in International Business program, here at Hult University, is me putting that plan into action. I enjoy interacting with people from diverse cultural backgrounds as well as learning about their customs and practices. I have observed that good people skills alone cannot open the doors to financial success for my business. There is a need for a solid educational foundation alongside a good repertoire with people for a business to be run successfully. The knowledge gained from Hult University, coupled with my people skills, should equip me with the tools needed to excel at international business. O nce the program is over I wish to gain a couple of years’ experience to put into practice what I have learned. The practical experience is probably what my family lacked in expanding and diversifying our business. With the practical experience I gain after the program, I shall be able to increase my insight as to how businesses are run effectively and successfully.

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

The Effect of Price Elasticity of Toyota on Consumer Consumption Essay

The Effect of Price Elasticity of Toyota on Consumer Consumption - Essay Example 5 contains results, discussion, and conclusion but these three documents are still subject to major modifications depending on document 2 and level of analysis required. Background to Research Problem The automotive industry is among the most competitive industries in the world. Consumer decisions to purchase vehicles are often influenced by a wide array of factors that impact the industry. These include, safety, comfort, fuel efficiency, and price (Jeihani and Sibdari, 2010:1). Though factors such as fuel efficiency are certainly critical in consumers buying decisions in the current economic environment where gas prices frequently fluctuate, research shows that though the demand for gas efficient cars such as the hybrid cars have been high, sales have not picked up as expected (Read, 2012; Tuttle, 2012). This is mainly attributed to the high prices at which these vehicles are purchased, and therefore implies that price is a core contributor to demand and consumer purchase decisions when it comes to purchasing a car. Understanding how price changes alter the quantity demanded is crucial to decision makers as they can be able to understand how responsive consumers would be to certain price changes (Jazayeri and Jazayeri, 2011: 102; Rossi, 1995: 17; Bernstein Research, 2007). Price elasticity is an important element when introducing products in a competitive market (Hauser, 1998). As quoted from the book Principles of Economics by Alfred Marshall (1920), â€Å"the elasticity (or receptiveness) of demand in a market is significant according as the amount demanded increases much or little for a given fall in price, and diminishes much or little for a given rise in price" (pp. 15). Parkin, Powell, and Matthews (2002) noted that the following affect the elasticity of price for... This research will begin with the statement that the automotive industry is among the most competitive industries in the world. Consumer decisions to purchase vehicles are often influenced by a wide array of factors that impact the industry. These include, safety, comfort, fuel efficiency, and price. Though factors such as fuel efficiency are certainly critical in consumers buying decisions in the current economic environment where gas prices frequently fluctuate, research shows that though the demand for gas efficient cars such as the hybrid cars have been high, sales have not picked up as expected. This is mainly attributed to the high prices at which these vehicles are purchased, and therefore implies that price is a core contributor to demand and consumer purchase decisions when it comes to purchasing a car. Understanding how price changes alter the quantity demanded is crucial to decision makers as they can be able to understand how responsive consumers would be to certain price changes. Price elasticity is an important element when introducing products in a competitive market. As quoted from the book Principles of Economics by Alfred Marshall, â€Å"the elasticity of demand in a market is significant according as the amount demanded increases much or little for a given fall in price, and diminishes much or little for a given rise in price". Parkin, Powell, and Matthews noted that the following affect the elasticity of price for a certain commodity: availability of substitute goods; percentage of income; necessity; duration; brand loyalty; and who pays.

Monday, August 26, 2019

Cathedral by Raymond Carver Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Cathedral by Raymond Carver - Essay Example Narrator seems uncomfortable and disturbed with Robert because he is blind. He feels that he is superior compared with the blind man. The narrator’s opinion and attitude towards blind man is largely contributed by his perception of blind men from movies. He feels that it is strange for Robert not to wear dark glasses yet his eyes looked weird. Narrator is so much disturbed by the fact that Robert cannot perfectly use his eyes to see instead of concentrating on the Robert’s understanding and ability to clearly think and feel things deeply (Carver 186-190). 2. The narrator is unable to describe cathedral perhaps because he is not religious and therefore cathedrals are meaningless to him. Inability to describe cathedral shows that the narrator lacks insight and self-awareness thus leading him to a journey to self-realization as he realizes the limitations of his outlook. Although the narrator can literally see things, he does not pay much attention to what he does with his eyes. He does not understand what being blind entails particularly due to the fact that Robert understands what cathedral looks like even without visual knowledge. 3. The blind man tells the writer to close his eyes while closing his eyes so that he can deeply understand and concentrate what he is doing by having a true sight with the real meaning lying within vision. Robert hopes to teach the narrator a way of looking inward to gain deeper understanding of himself and to see excellent reality. He realizes the depth in genuineness that disturbs the narrator by quietly listening to him while he struggles to describe cathedral. The narrator seems to enjoy the experience of closing his eyes while drawing cathedral. The newfound knowledge and understanding makes him believe that the experience was a very important aspect in his journey to self-realization. Narrator feels that his inner eyes that are based on his mind but not literal

Sunday, August 25, 2019

International Trade Operations - Latvia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Trade Operations - Latvia - Essay Example plained that a country will export the goods and services that it is able to produce at a lower opportunity cost and import those goods and services that it would otherwise produce a higher opportunity cost (Pugel, 2003, p. 39). Eli Heckscher, a Swedish economist, developed the core idea in 1919 about the international trade pattern. According to him, a country would export the products that use its abundant factors intensively and import the products that use its scarce factors intensively (Pugel, 2003, p. 39). To be more succinct, as Fedotovs (2010, p. 52) noted, a country will export goods whose production is intensive in factors that the country is abundantly endowed. Fedotovs (2010) explained international trade patterns of Latvia, based on the evidences of Latvia’s access to European Union and related how both the theories, comparative advantage and Heckscher-Ohlin theorem explain the case of Latvia. His work has proved the validity of both the theories and concluded that both the theories can be said to be applicable to the case of Latvia. A comparison between the major sectors of minibuses, cement, timber and Livestock etc of both Latvia and European Community, it can be observed that Latvia could claim to have comparative advantage in some areas despite the fact it lagged behind the EC. The productivity of Latvia in some sectors like milk, livestock, grain and meat has proved 17 to 25 times below the level of EC, and same time the productivity in some other sectors were found to be only 5 to 6 times less, and therefore, it can be explained with the theory of comparative advantage. Fedotovs (2010) has given Timber as an example for Latvia’s export to European Market, because Latvia gained comparative advantage in producing timbers as the productivity ratio to other countries was higher than in other industries. Between the periods of 1920s and 1930s, timber was the major export of Latvia and, during this period, the market share of timber has been

Saturday, August 24, 2019

The book The Middle Ground written by Richard White Essay

The book The Middle Ground written by Richard White - Essay Example In addition, the author also tried to show the complexities of Indian-white relations, and how it has led to either the assimilation or the destruction of these Indian tribes (White 518 to 584). In this case, this paper would try to look at the thesis of White as presented in this book, presenting evidence from the text itself. Then, from this thesis, the researcher would try to look at the pros and the cons of the author’s argument, putting into consideration the specific social and historical context of the events that occurred at that time. In addition, the researcher would also look at how the author interpreted the specific cultural and historical events that was presented in the book, in order to accurately analyze the pros and the cons of the narrative of the author. In his book â€Å"The Middle Ground,† White actually showed how the Indian tribes, at the time of their contact with the European colonizers in the Great Lakes Area, treaded the middle ground, to whi ch White showed â€Å"a process of mutual invention† (White 50), wherein the French (colonizers) â€Å"assimilated the Indians in their own conceptual order,† while some Indians pretty did much the same (White 50-51).

You can choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

You can choice - Essay Example Agricultural bio-systems and structures are among the most promising solutions that can be applied on the problem. There is increased need to address the issue of global warming especially considering that global population is increasing by the day. More importantly, urbanization and industrialization is increasing the rate of global warming. Therefore, more focus on measures to control the rate of global warming to ensure that the future ecosystem is sustainable. However, agricultural biosystems seems to be one of the ways in which the issue of global warming can be addressed. By articulating different aspects of agricultural biosystems, it is possible to realize long-term benefits in the efforts of controlling global warming. It is important to consider that global warming has largely been caused by human activities. Therefore, it will take human efforts to reverse the effects and control the present rate. Otherwise, it will be increasingly difficult for the future generations to survive in this world if meaningful efforts are not applied at the

Friday, August 23, 2019

CSR strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CSR strategy - Essay Example It emphasizes the company’s idea of mutual promotion. This involves the implementation of a strategy that not only develops the community but also turns the community into potential stakeholders to the company as clients or partners. The opinion that this paper stresses on is that it is possible for a company to turn corporate turn their Corporate Social Responsibility activities into marketing opportunities. This dispels the notion that CSR is unnecessary expenditures for organizations. Instead, CSR becomes a core agenda in the company marketing plans. In fact, without this emphasis on marketing, CSR becomes inefficient and needless for organization. 2. Support for the CSR Strategy 2.1. Areas Of Need CSR strategy in the Four Seasons Resort identifies the areas of need in the society from the environmental analysis, media information and sustainability agenda. There are three major areas of need in the corporate social responsibility: Health care services Environmental safety Education and Development The Four Seasons Resort engages in the fight against various terminal illnesses including cancer and meningitis (Pohl and Tolhurst 48). About cancer fight for example, it works with the Terry Fox Initiative in the campaign and intervention against cancer and other diseases. In their engagement in environmental sustainability, the Four Season Hotel participates in the campaign and support of environmental safety programs. For example, Deloitte Research rated it among the most recognized participants in Hospitality and philanthropic activities. This was because of its focus for sustainability beyond 2015 (Urip 34). The Hotel supports the development in Education programs by sponsoring students and education initiatives in poverty-stricken areas (Pohl and Tolhurst 42). The driving force for this initiative is the fact that the learners have the potentials to become its future clients and workers. 2.2. Sustainability of CSR Strategy The strategic plans that the Four Seasons Resort are sustainable and applicable to the present and the future generation. It is based on realistic parameters and practical evidences from the past issues. This came after the debate by the International Compact of the United Nations, about the sustainability of the environment and the development of innovation and social value. The sustainability of the strategy and its implementation is planned every year with specific budgetary allocations. The strategy is further sustained by its observation of cultural and social ethics to avoid violation of the rights and freedoms of the society. The Four Season Hotel ensures that it does not make profits at the expense of its clientele but prioritizes in the satisfaction of its clients by the hospitality and professionalism of its services (Pohl and Tolhurst 51). The hotel balances its participation agendas by alternating among the three every year. For example, if in one year it supports environmental works, the following year it does either healthcare or education program. 2.3. Example of Research and CSR Work Area Through participation in partnership with the World Bank, the Four Season Resort does trainings and workshops on CSR activities. The training is aimed at developing the society and business at the same time. The training develops capital resources from the society for the Hotel, in the sense that it receives qualified workers from the same community. From the study

Thursday, August 22, 2019

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay Example for Free

I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings Essay The American Dream is true equality and freedom of the citizens of The United States. In Maya Angelous I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings, Marguerite struggles with the thought of feeling unwanted as a child and the discrimination against blacks. As Marguerite grows up, she experiences first-hand the cruelty of racism. Her struggles reflect on all the hardships the citizens of America went through when they were fighting for equality as well. It first started in 1607 when English settlers travelled to America for religious freedom. The freedom they sought out for eventually grew to be something more important than just religious freedom. Marguerite defies authority and segregation and eventually gains the equality she deserves. Even though the era of slavery has ended, segregation between blacks and whites were still present. The town that Marguerite lives in is separated from where the white population is and she barely knows what they are like and she wonders if they are even human. Early on in the story, Marguerite first experiences the cruelty of the local powhitetrash when her family is warned of the white men searching her town for a scapegoat. This causes her Uncle Willie to hide in a potato bin even though he is innocent. In chapter blank, Marguerite watches three white girls mock Momma and she feels anger towards their cruelty and unfairness. As Momma finds her crying in anger, this is the first time she felt the need to defy the white people and fight against them. This encounter foreshadows Marguerites future acts of defiance against white people, as the English settlers defied their kind and moves to America. Marguerites first true act of defiance was when she was working for a white woman named Viola Cullinan. Mrs. Viola Cullinan is rude and her friends mistreat Marguerite. In order for Marguerite to stop working for her, she broke her prized china. This was a sign of Marguerite finally taking a stand against being mistreated. Her resistance gains Marguerite back her pride and she is getting closer to the freedom that she yearns for. There are times in the story where Marguerite feels an extreme sense of pride for her and her people. At Marguerites graduation, a white man named Edward Donleavy degrades the black population by stating that they can only excel in sports. He causes the eighth grade class to feel ashamed of themselves because they feel unintelligent. Marguerite starts to regret the fact that Columbus discovered the new world and she wishes that he hadnt. She feels so embarrassed, but Henry Reed, the valedictorian of her class brings their spirit back up. He has the crowd sing the Negro National Anthem and as his speech ends, everyone feels great pride swell inside of them. Marguerite feels proud of her heritage and education and ignores what harsh words of Mr. Donleavy. Another time when Marguerite feels proud of the black population is when she envisions Ms. Henderson standing up to Dr. Lincoln. She pictures Ms. Henderson turning into a superhero and scaring Dr. Lincoln. She states that she feels proud to be her granddaughter. The American Dream cannot be fulfilled unless the people have an extreme sense of pride of who they are and their country. Marguerite’s feelings were the start of the journey towards equality between all races. Marguerite first experiences a sense of equality when she attends a school in San Francisco. All the students are rude to her and act as if she is inferior to all of them. On the other hand, Marguerite meets a teacher names Mrs. Kirwin who doesnt discriminate. She treats every single one of her students the same, no matter what their race is. She only remembers Mrs. Kirwin because she didnt treat her differently. Marguerite experiences one final act of equality when she runs away from her father. She discovers a mix of young teens consisting of several races working together in equality. They give her certain rules that allow her to appreciate diversity and how everyone is the same. For example, everyone must work and put in an equal amount of effort to survive. Like the American Dream, everyone living in the junkyard is equal and treated fairly. There was no oppression or segregation when Marguerite lived in the junkyard. As it says in The Declaration of Independence, every American citizen is endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights. In chapter 19, the Store is filled people listening to the boxing match with Joe Louis, a hero from the black population. When he wins, Marguerite feels that he proved that black people are powerful people. The black population develops a sense of hope, feeling that things will start to change because Joe Louis made a difference and because he is a black man. They feel as if they finally took a stand to all the unjust lynching and discrimination against blacks. Near the end of the story, Marguerite becomes the first black person to have a job as a streetcar conductor. At first, there was a policy forbidding any black person to have this job, but Marguerite fights and against all odds, she is successful. This proves that regardless of social standing, one can achieve what they desire if he or she really wants it. Just as us Americans fought for freedom, Marguerite fought for equality.

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

Case Study On Baggage Handling System Project Information Technology Essay

Case Study On Baggage Handling System Project Information Technology Essay This module is given us the knowledge to develop our own ability to lead a project team and also the roles as project manager to control the project task where the management within given budge ,time and resources to make a project success. Project Management Project Definition A temporary and one-time endeavor undertaken to create a unique product or service, which brings about beneficial change or added value Project Management The application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements, Organizing and managing resources so the project is completed within defined scope, quality, time and cost constraints. The very first thing of a Project Manager is always about Time, Cost and Scope as below figure PM Triangle Five Step of Project According to Robert K. Wysocki (2003) traditional Project Management can be devise to 5 phases as Defining, Planning, and Executing, controlling and Closing. The Project definition : Scope ,Business Goal Budge The Project Planning : Resources, Risk Management, Breakdown of Work ,Establishing of Schedule of Work ,Project team management, Cost management The Project Execution : Work completion, Manage Risk Organization Chart ,Communication Plan The Controlling Process :Quality Planning, Monitor of Progress The Close-Out: Release people, Lessons learned, Accounting Case study on Baggage Handing System Project BHS Project Definition Baggage handling system project mean all components, installation materials, interfaces and other components, all necessary hardware, software, installation coordination and construction supervision of computers/PLC, controls and control hardware and software, management and support services required to implement the work and supply a fully functioning system as described on the signed Contract documents by client. One million project awards by the company to built the whole Baggage Handling System including Mechanical and Control System for the airport logistic to transfer and screening the baggage during the flight arrival and departure. Deadline to finish the project is one year after contract signed.Project team will be set up for this project. Mechanical installation complete mean when the conveyor, walkway, handrail, toe plate, side guards, drip pan, gap pan, motor/drive components, reducer/gear are correctly mounted in place. Electrical installation complete mean when control stations, Estop, sensors, beacons, motors, groundings are correctly mounted in place, wired and terminated. Scope of Work Scope of Works or the statement of works means the whole of the work to be executed in accordance with the Contract, including variations provided for the Contract by client. Work under the Contract mean any work the Contractor is or may be required to execute under the Contract and includes variations, remedial work and Temporary Work. Temporary Work means any work required in the execution of the Contract but not forming part of the Works Activity involve for BHS project Marketing Contract Handover to Project Design Phase (Mechanical Electrical Control) Purchase for Electrical and Mechanical Fabrication for Mechanical Electrical preparation Delivery to Site Mechanical installation Electrical installation High Level Control Interface for System Test Commissioning Client Approval and Handover Operation Trial Period Project Completed Warranty Period (DLP) After Sale Services (OM or RM Contract, Spare Part Sale) Work Breakdown Structure(WBS) Work breakdown structure (WBS) is a process for defining the final and intermediate products of a project and their relationships (accessed 05 Jan 2013). The Work Breakdown Structure provides a hierarchical structure of decomposing project fulfillment into smaller manageable activities for detailed schedule development along with cost estimating and control. A detailed WBS shall comprise of breakdown of work activities, resource estimates, activity duration estimates and cost estimates. It is an essential tool for planning and executing the project. Use the WBS to define the work for the project and to develop the projects schedule. BSH Project Work Breakdown Structure as Figure below Project Planning Define the project objective Graphically portray the activities in the form of network diagram Estimate the cost and time for each activity. Calculate a project schedule and budget to determine whether the project can be completed within the required time, and with the available resource. Resource Management Resources are of three types, Work resources, Material resources and Cost resources Work resources complete tasks by expending time on them. They are usually people and equipment that have been assigned to work on the project Material resources are supplies and stocks that are needed to complete a project. Cost resources are strictly cost; no time, no quantities-just dollars. Expenses, such as travel or fees, increase the project price tag, but they arent associated with work or material resources. Resource costs will be multiplied by duration to calculate project costs. This is the important roles for project manager to control the project budge to close the project. Many issues are always happen to project to use the limit resource to fulfill the requirement by client, as a project manager, who must make sure the right resource was assigned to right place as right time. At the same time, project manager must use some technique tools to monitor the progress of the project. Next part we are going to discuses about the tools for project manager to control the process. Project Management Methodology and Techniques A project methodology can be thought of in the same terms as a recipe for cooking. It identifies what will be required and how these ingredients will be combined together to produce the perfect meal. In short, a methodology comprises of the following components Documentation such as project initiation and scoping documents Technique a set of standard project management techniques required to plan and control the project (Critical Path Analysis, Risk Management Procedures etc) Sequence- the order in which the stages will be performed Overview a picture of how the documentation and techniques fit together The application of structured project techniques during the development and implementation of a new information system helps to impose discipline on the process of the integration of activities within each of the stages which, in turn helps to ensure success. The purpose of this can therefore give the organisation the opportunity to: Divide the project into smaller and easier to manage stages Measure the progress in terms of time, costs and quality Take corrective action if required to bring the project back on track Allocate the resources to the project PERT and CPM Program Evaluation and Review Techniques which is PERT (Maylor, 2010) is a technique that use project network for planning and coordinating large-scale projects to handle uncertain activity times. Critical Path Management (CPM), is a network chart, is a planning and management method used for scheduling a set of project activities. They are similar; the technique involves using network models to trace the links between tasks and to identify the tasks which are critical to meeting the deadlines. Once we have identified the critical path, any delay on any part of the critical path will cause a delay in the whole project. It is where project manager must concentrate their efforts. Gantt diagram are used to show the critical path in red and PERT diagram to see Network view. Difference between the CPM and PERT is that, task duration is treated CPM assumes time estimates are deterministic, Obtain task duration from previous projects Suitable for such kind of type projects. PERT treats durations as probabilistic PERT: CPM and probabilistic task times Better for RD type projects Limited previous data to estimate time durations Captures schedule (and implicitly some cost) risk CPM is useful, despite criticism, to identify the critical path focus on a subset of the project Slack is precious apply flexibility to smooth resource/schedules, PERT treats task times as probabilistic which is an Individual task durations and sums of multiple tasks. When we Selective crashing of critical tasks can reduce total project cost, CPM and PERT do not allow task iterations. Critical Chain Project Management Current Project Management Problem As the comment issue for project management is summary below for previous baggage handling system project, which are: No Credible Schedule, Unable to Accurately Predict Milestone Dates During Execution Critical Path Constantly Changing Loss of Control, Daily Firefighting, Pulling resources from One Job to Another and Resource Allocation Nightmare Stress, Frustrated Workers Supervisors Projects Get Delayed Require Heroic Efforts to Finish Lack of Resources, People, Experience, Skills, Material, Tools Lack of Supporting Documents Too Many Scope Changes and too many meting Too Much Overtime and Budget Overruns Critical Chain Project Management Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is a method of planning and managing projects that puts the main emphasis on the resources required to execute project tasks. It was developed by Eliyahu M. Goldratt. This is in contrast to the more traditional Critical Path and PERT methods, which emphasize task order and rigid scheduling. A Critical Chain project network will tend to keep the resources levelly loaded, but will require them to be flexible in their start times and to quickly switch between tasks and task chains to keep the whole project on schedule. The Principles of CCPM Projects Succeed or Fail as an Integrated System, not as a Collection of Discrete Tasks Systems are Analogous to Chains,Weakest Link is the Systems Constraint Constraints Can Never Really be Eliminated,Can Move From One Part of the System to Another All Systems Have a Goal Necessary Conditions A Systems Optimum Performance IS NOT the Sum of Local Optima A System Has Only One Constraint at a Time All Systems Function According to Cause Effect The success to use the CCPM for project manager to hand a project will be Improve project delivery date reliability Shorten overall project duration Provide early warning of threats to project delivery Enable earlier, less drastic responses Reduce Costs Reduce Overtime Reduce Rework PRINCE 2 Project Technique PRINCE2 (Projects IN Controlled Environments) is an effective process-based method for project management. PRINCE2 is a process-based approach for managing projects. It helps to work out who should be involved in a project, their role and their responsibilities. PRINCE2 has a set of processes to work through and it explains what information needs to be gathered. The method is the de-facto standard for project management is practiced globally. And it is also the required method for all UK government commissioned projects. PRINCE2 is in the public domain and offers best practice guidance on how to manage a project. It can be principally divided into the following stages: Starting up the project occurs only once and creates and evaluates the business case Directing the project formal organisational structures will be required throughout the life of the project including the project board and manager, the communication between the stages and the organisation will be continuous Initiating the project this stage will identify how the project will be managed, The Project Initiation document will form contract and terms of reference for the project as a whole Planning plans relating to project deliverables are continuously produced throughout the lifecycle and of the activity which helps to ensure a consistent approach. Controlling creation of documents which help to manage the day-to-day operations and include change control and quality assurance, this will be an iterative process. Monitoring there is a need to have a feedback process and take action as necessary, authorisation from the Project Board is required. Closing the project time is finite and there will need to be a final sign off procedure by the customer that objectives have been satisfied. Below figure is the overview of PRINCE2 Risk Management Risk management, another important point of project management, is present in the framework as well. According to Prince2 description, risk can be denned as uncertainty of outcome. The goal of risk management is to manage the exposure to risk. For that, the project board has to promote risk management, build up adapted policies, and assess projects status related to their risks. A Risk (Tom, 2009) can be almost any uncertain event associated with the work. Word in short is, loss multiplied by likelihood. Risk management is a process for identifying, assessing, and prioritizing risks of different types. Since the risks are identified, the project manager will need to minimize or eliminate the impact of negative events of project risk. For this baggage handling system project, Construction site safety management plan is must to be implementing of Risk management to list of all possible risks identified by the project or organization, for each of the risk, includes information such as risk probability, impact, counter-measures and risk owner etc. Conclusion Its good chance to review and deeply think of whole project process and activates in whole company organization about project management knowledge through this module. This assignment also encourages me to think about how to implement Project Management skill to the company in future projects management. After this model, I can recognize the essential characters of Project management and also have ability to address appropriate technologies and management tools to actually organizational issues and also can be leader of project team to plan, control and execute the project as project manager.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Strategies for Reducing Sexual Abuse in Learning Disabled

Strategies for Reducing Sexual Abuse in Learning Disabled Review of databases on social care, psychiatry, and psychology revealed various strategies for preventing sexual abuse in people with intellectual disabilities. These procedures generally seem to fall into one of three broad categories: therapeutic measures, designed to minimise the effects of abuse; education and training for staff, victims and/or family members (e.g. parents); and multi-agency information sharing. Kroese and Thomas (2006) tested the value of Imagery Rehearsal Therapy (IRT) for treating sexual abuse trauma in learning disabled people experiencing recurring nightmares. The intervention produced a statistically significant reduction in distress. Furthermore, these positive effects seemed to endure even when participants were awake. Several studies have evaluated the merits of support groups for victims of abuse (e.g. Singer, 1996; Barber et al, 2000). For example Singer (1996) organised group work for adults living in a residential home. The aim was to teach these individuals how to respond assertively in situations of abuse. Assertiveness is an essential skill for victims who often fail to challenge authority, due to low self-esteem, fear, dependency and lack of awareness of their rights (MENCAP, 2001). Participants learned to respond more assertively when role-playing situations that involved sexual abuse. However, role-play scenarios often lack the stressful conditions of real -life that may prevent an individual from speaking out. Nevertheless, support groups may provide a valuable therapeutic resource for victims of abuse (Barber et al, 2000). The National Association for the Protection from Sexual Abuse of Adults and Children with Learning Disabilities (NAPSAC[1]) identifies the sharing of information between protection agencies as a valuable prevention strategy (Ellis Hendry, 1998). Based on data from a survey of individuals and organisations involved in social care, Ellis and Hendry (1998, p.362) emphasised the need for a foundation level of awareness between specialists in learning disability and those involved with child protection. Lesseliers and Madden (2005) report the establishment of a knowledge centre’ to encourage systematic exchange of sexual abuse information, which is accessible to both victims and specialists (also see Stein, 1995). The problem with information sharing schemes is that they primarily benefit service providers (e.g. expanding their knowledge of available therapies), rather than the victims themselves. Finally, several studies have tested the efficacy of education and training programm es, targeted at staff, victims, and/or family members (e.g. Martorella Portugues, 1998; Tichon, 1998; Bruder Kroese, 2005). Bruder and Kroese (2005) reviewed clinical studies that evaluated the value of teaching protection skills to learning disabled adults and children. Findings revealed that adults could be successfully taught such skills, although the generality and longevity of these abilities was questionable. Martorella and Portugues (1998) conducted workshops with parents, based on the premise that prevention is best achieved by making family members aware of sexual issues concerning their children. Parents were provided with printed materials and videos on puberty, childhood sexual fantasies, and other related topics. Following these sessions many parents re-evaluated their children, and demonstrated a renewed urge to support and protect their children. Overall, training and education schemes seem to have immediate albeit short-lived psychological benefits, for both the vi ctim and their families. Discuss the Similarities in Vulnerable Adult Sexual Abuse and Child Sexual Abuse There are similarities in terms of the reasons why disabled people are susceptible to abuse (MENCAP, 2001), psychopathological and social effects of abuse (Sequeira Hollins, 2003), consent issues, and protection requirements (DOH, 2002a, 2002b). The MENCAP (2001) report identifies seven reasons for increased vulnerability in adults, most of which may equally apply to children; they include low self-esteem, long-term dependency on carers, lack of awareness, fear to challenge authority, powerlessness to consent to sexual relationships, inability to recognise abuse when it occurs, and fear of reporting incidents of abuse. These concerns are compatible with factors the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC, 2002) implicates in child vulnerability. They include: childrens lack of awareness and education; a learned reluctance to complain; dependency on carers, which can make it difficult for a child to avoid abuse; and general disempowerment. Whereas factors su ch as fear of authority and low self-esteem may be ambiguous, and hence difficult to detect, long-term dependency on a care giver is a much more tangible characteristic that increases susceptibility to abuse, in both adults and children. The risk may be higher in children because their level of dependence is usually more extreme. However, severely impaired adults may also be highly dependent on another person for their day-to-day care (MENCAP, 2001). In their review of the literature on the clinical effects of sexual abuse in intellectually disabled people, Sequeira and Hollins (2003) found that both children and adults exhibited behavioural problems, sexually inappropriate behaviours, and various forms of psychopathology. However, some evidence suggests that children may be more overwhelmed by the experience of sexual abuse, often with long-term and harmful consequences for mental health (Green, 1995). Moreover the damaging effects of sexual abuse may be compounded in both adults and children when the abuser is known to the victim (e.g. family member). However, Sequeira and Hollins (2003) warn against drawing conclusive inferences regarding the clinical impact of abuse on disabled populations. Firstly many studies rely on informants (e.g. family members) for their data, many of whom may be ignorant of the internal psychiatric and cognitive trauma that a disabled person might be experiencing. Thus, any apparent similarities betwe en children and adults in how they respond to sexual abuse may not reflect less obvious discrepancies in psychopathology. Sequeira and Hollins (2003) emphasise the need for more reliable diagnostic criteria. The MENCAP (2001) report stresses the issue of consent. Both children and adults often lack the ability to give consent albeit for different reasons. Children may simply not have any understanding of sexual activity, its consequences, and how to distinguish sexual behaviour from other forms of physical contact (e.g. hugging) and personal care (e.g. bathing). Although most adults will have a better grasp of sexuality, some may be unable to give consent if their learning disability is extremely severe. Regardless, adult and child sexual abuse denotes a lack of consent. Furthermore, both forms of abuse may require similar safeguards. There is a mutual need to create more awareness amongst the general public about the vulnerability of people with learning disabilities (NSPCC, 2002). Community building, staff training, and other protective measures will benefit both children and adults (Ellis Hendry, 1998; Barter, 2001; Davies, 2004). Can the Keeping Safe Child Protection Strategy Work with Adults with Learning Disabilities? The Department of Health has made various recommendations for keeping children safe (DOH, 2002a). These include: having a sound statutory framework; encouraging professionals from different specialities/agencies to work together; assessing children’s needs and the range of support services provided by organisations and community groups; considering the impact of strategies designed for vulnerable adults on children; involving both children and family members in making decisions about what services the child needs; monitoring how well councils are delivering the system; and recruiting, training, and supervising adequate care staff. These proposals are a direct response to the Victoria Climbie Inquiry report. Overall they emphasise risk assessment, recognition of abuse, and information sharing, consistent with other published literature (e.g. Ellis Hendry, 1998; Lesseliers Madden, 2005). By contrast, the Department of Health prescribes a different set of guidelines for adults, referred to as the Protection of Vulnerable Adults Scheme, or POVA (DOH, 2004). Central to the scheme is the POVA list: Through referrals to, and checks against the list, care workers who have harmed a vulnerable adult, or placed a vulnerable adult at risk of harm, (whether or not in the course of their employment) will be banned from working in a care position with vulnerable adults. As a result, the POVA scheme will significantly enhance the level of protection for vulnerable adults (DOH, 2004, p.5). The POVA system is supposed to complement other schemes, such as MENCAPS behind closed doors plan (MENCAPS, 2001). The child protection scheme can be adapted to work with adults. Many child safety measures focus on staff performance (e.g. working together, recruitment, training). For example, it is a requirement that staff are trained sufficiently to recognise whether a child’s injury or illness might be the result of abuse or neglect (DOH, 2004, p.7). By implication, it should be possible to modify training protocol so that staff can also identify sexual abuse in vulnerable adults. For example, Lunsky and Benson (2000) identify some issues to be considered when interviewing developmentally disabled adults about sexual abuse, notably the appropriateness of using detailed drawings and dolls used in assessing children (Martorella Portugues, 1998). Proposals designed to help identify the need for protection and facilitate information sharing, such as community â€Å"neighbourhood watch† arrangements, can be extended to adults. What modifications would be required? MENCAPS (2001) highl ights the need for a suitable mechanism for establishing consent between adults. Vulnerable adults have the same sexual rights and privileges as the general population, and these rights have to be accommodated within any protection strategy. Staff training on child protection can include guidelines for identifying adults who are able to give consent to sexual relations (e.g. suggesting appropriate tests to use), and protecting those who cant. Additionally, MENCAPS (2001) emphasises the need to tighten standards for people who work with adults (p.16). The POVA scheme is set up precisely to address this issue, albeit retrospectively, after abuse has occurred (DOH, 2003). Improvements in staff recruitment, training, and monitoring can be implemented that benefit both children and adults. Bibliography Barber, M., Jenkins, R. Jones, C. (2000) A survivor’s group for women who have a  learning disability. British Journal of Developmental Studies, 46, pp.31-41. Barter, K. (2001) Building community: a conceptual framework for child protection.  Child Abuse Review. 10, pp.262-278. Bruder, C. Kroese, B.S. (2005) The efficacy of interventions designed to prevent and  protect people with intellectual disabilities from sexual abuse: a review of the  literature. Journal of Adult Protection, 7, pp.13-27. Davies, L. (2004) The difference between child abuse and child protection could be you:  creating a community network of protective adults. Child Abuse Review. 13,  pp.426-432. DOH (2002a) Safeguarding Children: A Joint Chief Inspectors’ Report on Arrangements  to Safeguard Children. London. DOH. DOH (2002b) No secrets: The Protection of Vulnerable Adults from Abuse: Local Codes  of Practice. London. DOH. DOH (2004) Protection of Vulnerable Adults (POVA) scheme in England and Wales for  care homes and domiciliary care agencies: A Practical Guide. London. DOH. Ellis, R. Hendry, E.B. (1998) Do we all know the score? Child Abuse Review. 7,  pp.360-363. Green, A.H. (1995) Comparing child victims and adult survivors: Clues to the  pathogenesis of child sexual abuse. Journal of the American Academy of  Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry. 23, pp.655-670. Kroese, B.S. Thomas, G. (2006) Treating chronic nightmares of sexual assault  survivors with an intellectual disability two descriptive case studies. Journal of  Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19, pp.75-80. Lesseliers, J. Madden, P. (2005) European Knowledge Centre for the Prevention of  and Response to Sexual Abuse of People with a Learning Disability. Learning  Disability Review, 10, pp.18-21. Lunsky, Y. Benson, B.A. (2000) Are anatomically detailed dolls and drawings  appropriate tools for use with adults with developmental disabilities? A  preliminary investigation. Journal-on-Developmental-Disabilities. 7, pp.66-76. Martorella, A.M. Portugues, A.M. (1998) Prevention of sexual abuse in children with  learning disabilities. Child Abuse Review, 7, pp.355-359. MENCAP (2001) Behined Closed Doors: Preventing Sexual Abuse Against Adults with  a Learning Disability. London. MENCAP NSPCC (2002) Disabled children and abuse [online]. London, NSPCC. Available from:  http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/OnlineResources/InformationBriefings/Disabledasp_ifega26019.html> [Accessed 10 March 2006]. Sequeira, H. Hollins, S. (2003) Clinical effects of sexual abuse on people with learning  disability: Critical literature review. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 82, pp.13-19. Singer, N. (1996) Evaluation of a self-protection group for clients living in a residential  group home. British-Journal-of-Developmental-Disabilities. 42, pp.54-62. Tichon, J. (1998) Abuse of adults with an intellectual disability by family caregivers: the  need for a family-centred intervention. Australian Social Work, 51, pp.55-59. 1 Footnotes [1] Now known as the Ann Craft Trust.

Monday, August 19, 2019

Merchant of Venice Essay: The Depression of Antonio -- Merchant Venice

The Depression of Antonio in Merchant of Venice    In the Merchant of Venice, we see a truly anti-Semitic play by Shakespeare.   However, we also see a tale of money (greed and generosity), love (heterosexual and homosexual), and emotion (joy and sadness).   The play revolves around Bassanio's love for Portia.   Bassanio needs money to play the suitor to Portia in "style".   His friend who loves him, Antonio, agrees to give him the money, but, because all of his money is invested in his merchant ships he must take a loan from the greedy Jew Shylock.   Shylock loans him the money in exchange for a pound of his flesh if he does not pay the loan back on time.   Bassanio wins Portia's hand, but, before they are joined together, Portia will disguise herself in order to win the freedom of Antonio when his ships meet with ruin and he cannot repay Shylock.   Shylock ends up losing half his wealth and must convert before Portia is through with him.   Antonio is a fascinating character study when it comes to psychology because he is such a sad but noble character.   He is world-weary and life's material things do not bring him joy.   He is also confused about his sadness.   As he says in the opening speech of the play, "In sooth, I know not why I an so sad:/It wearies me; you say it wearies you;/But how I caught it, found it, or came by it,/What stuff 'tis made of, whereof it is born, I am to learn;/And such a want-wit sadness makes of me/That I have much ado to know myself" (Shakespeare   203).   Antonio explains he has scattered his investment risks quite adequately, so it is not his "merchandize" that makes him sad.   Yet, he does admit that he feels it is his nature to be sad, as if he has a chemical imbalance that classifies him as cl... ...nificance with those of the Jewish faith who might befriend him, and it gives him a cynical, negative perspective of the culture around him.   However, at the end of the play Antonio does seem to find some small measure of happiness when he comes to understand how much Portia has done on his behalf.   This shows him that his perceptions of her understanding may have been limited because he more than likely did not expect his strongest ally to be the wife of the man he loves, "Sweet lady, you have given me life and living;/For here I read for certain that my ships/Are safely come to road" (Shakespeare   228).   Thus, Antonio could be recommended for therapy because his depression has the potential to be ameliorated with a deeper understanding and acceptance of his thinking regarding life. Works Cited Shakespeare, W.   The Complete Works.   Random House, NY:   1975.   

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Platypus Envenomation :: Australian Animals Wildlife Essays

Platypus Envenomation Abstract The duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), order Monotrema, can be found throughout river systems in eastern Australia. The males have a retractable spur located on each of their hind legs. The spurs are attached to venom glands that produce a toxic cocktail of at least four different classes of peptides. These four compounds (Hyaluronidase, OvCNP-39, OvNGF, and defensin-like peptides) are highly selective enzymes and polypeptides that work together to inflict excruciating pain and edema that can last for months. The first compound identified, Hyaluronidase, lowers viscosity to allow for a deeper penetration of the venom into tissue. A C-type natriuretic peptide called OvCNP-39 contributes to edema. OvNGF is a nerve growth factor that is responsible for extreme sensitivity to heat and pressure. The role of Defensin-like proteins is not well known, but it is believed that they contribute the pain and edema associated with the venom. An unknown compound has been found to induce Ca++ dependent current in root ganglion cells, which may also contribute to the feeling of pain. Research is being done to identify the roles of these compounds and the possibility of them being used in medicine. Introduction The Platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) is a unique animal that is found only in Australia. It is in the class Mammalia and the order Monotrema. Monotremes are phylogenetically the oldest of the mammals and can only be found naturally in Australia and in nearby New Guinea. They are quite different from placentals and marsupials and are believed to be the link between the reptiles and the other mammals. This is most noticeable though their means of reproduction and waste elimination. Montremes have a cloaca, which is a single opening for passage of solid and liquid waste, where the transfer of sperm takes place, and in females, the laying of eggs. This feature is shared only with birds and reptiles. Platypuses live solo, except during the breeding season. They feed on worms and freshwater crayfish (Cheerax destructor) in eastern Australian rivers (Sutherland, 1983). They have low average body temperature compared to other mammals, which further supports their reptilian evolution (Torres et al., 1999). They can live about 16 years and grow to be 40-50 cm long, with males being larger than females (Jackson, 2003). Venom: Production & Delivery A characteristic that helps add even more to the platypus ¡Ã‚ ¯ uniqueness is the males ¡Ã‚ ¯ ability to produce and deliver venom.

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers

Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n... Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron Essay -- Papers Comparing Cantebury Tales and The Decameron There are many different roles for women shown in â€Å"The Canterbury Tales† and â€Å"The Decameron†. Both books take place around the same time frame, 1300AD. â€Å"The Canterbury Tales†, takes place in London, England and â€Å"The Decameron† takes place in Florence, Italy. It would be just to think that since both books take place in a western civilization, both books would reflect the same morals and daily life styles. This is not the case at all. Throughout this paper I will attempt to show how these two books portrayed a totally different lifestyle. In â€Å"The Decameron†, by Giovanni Boccaccio, the rolls of men and women are what you would expect of a western society in the 1300’s. Women are generally seen as gentle beings that were somewhat naà ¯ve. There was a very distinct line that separated men from women. Through out the stories I noticed a consistent story line of women being very loyal to their men. The men would end up doing terrible things to the woman. In some cases the husbands would actually put the wife through massive suffering and n...

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Feminism in Post-war United States

The construction of a just and humane society, just like other social and institutional facts is a long and tedious process, nevertheless, the task needs to be done. Within the United States, the construction of such a society stands as a result of the various historical changes within the country, an example of which can be seen in the changes within the country after its participation in the Second World War. The country’s participation in Second World War proved to be beneficial for its citizens on certain aspects as it enabled what Reinhold Niebuhr would state as the emergence of the ‘children of light’.In line with Niehbur’s argument in his book The Children of Light and the Children of Darkness, the ‘children of light’ emerged within the post-World War II United States as the conditions within the country enabled the development of a society which opted for unity within the conditions of freedom and order (20-21). An example of this is ev ident in the development of the feminist movement in post-World War II United States. The feminist movement in the United States stands as a result of the nationalist and cultural movements in post-World War II United States.Feminist movements within the United States during this period took the form of either socialist feminism, radical feminism, or liberal feminism. Each of these strands of feminism focuses on issues pertaining to women’s exclusion from the political sphere; they differ however in their view as to what enables such an exclusion. Socialist feminists argue that such an exclusion stands as a result of the moral order of social organizations.Radical feminists, on the other hand, argue that such an exclusion stands as a result of the prevalent sex or gender system in society. Finally, liberal feminists argue that such an exclusion stands as a result of the inequality amongst the sexes. Despite the differences of these three strands of feminism mentioned above, t he development of these three strands shows the manner in which post-World War II United States opted for the development of equality between the sexes through the ascription not only of rationality but also agency upon women.Amongst the strands of feminism mentioned above, it is the initial strand [radical feminism] which proved to be significant for the development of the feminist movement during the initial period of post-World War II America as it highlighted the development of the second wave of feminism in the United States. Betty Friedan (1968), in her book The Feminine Mystique, specifies the difference between the first and second wave of feminism.She argues that as opposed to the first wave of feminism which was characterized by the creation of the ‘feminine mystique’ which enabled the discovery of women’s selves within the context of their initial roles in their careers, families, and relationships; the second wave of feminism was characterized by the deconstruction of the ‘feminine mystique’ as a result of women’s recognition of the continuously oppressive character of their initial ‘freed’ position in society (33-34). Since the second wave was influenced by the civil-rights protests and peace protests, it became more activist in character.An example of this activist character of the second wave of feminism is apparent in Kate Millet’s radical strand of feminism in her book Sexual Politics. Kate Millet (2000), in her book Sexual Politics, discusses one of the main issues of the feminist movement in post-World War II United States. Within her book, Millet argues that inequality between the sexes stands as a result of the unequal distribution of power amongst the sexes in society. She argues that women’s subordination stands as a result of the ideological indoctrination of women by a patriarchal society.She states that the â€Å"essence of politics† as power involves seeking to prove that â€Å"however muted its present appearance may be, sexual dominion obtains nevertheless as perhaps the most pervasive ideology of our culture and provides its most fundamental concepts of power† (Millet 25). The title of her book Sexual Politics thereby aims to present her view of how women’s subordination stands as a result of the continuation of patriarchal politics within both the private and public spheres of life.Millet divides her book into three parts. The first part entitled â€Å"Sexual Politics† presents Millet’s thesis regarding the nature of power relations between the sexes. The second part entitled â€Å"Historical Background† presents a survey of the feminist struggle within the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Finally, the third part entitled â€Å"The Literary Reflection† presents Millet’s views as to how the power relations between the sexes are visible in the literary works of D.H. Lawrence, Henry Miller, Norman Mailer, and Jean Genet. Millet’s argument that the content of literary works mirrors the power relations between the sexes is based on the assumption that literature has a mimetic character. In other words, for Millet the content of literary works mirror reality and hence the content of literary works may be used as a means of gauging how women have been continuously subordinated by men through their indoctrination of a patriarchal ideology.Within this context, the importance of Millet’s aforementioned book may thereby be ascribed to its existence as a socio-historical text which takes literature as a source material for a hypothesis about the relationships between men and women in the non-literary world from the late nineteenth century to the present time. In addition to this, Millet’s book stands as the first text which uses a feminist approach in reading or interpreting literary works.In line with Niehbur’s claim re garding the emergence of the ‘children of light’, one may note that the development of the feminist movement in post-World War II United States showed an example of the emergence of the ‘children of light’ since the movement enabled the development of a United States which opted for the equality between the sexes thereby creating a free and orderly society through the emergence of works that not only subverted the predominant ideology in society during that period but also created a new perspective in understanding reality.In the case of Kate Millet’s Sexual Politics, this is evident in her creation of a feminist standpoint for assessing literary works.

Friday, August 16, 2019

“Maid in Manhattan” Film Analysis Essay

Think its safe to say that everyone going to see J.Lo’s latest release, â€Å"Maid in Manhattan†, pretty much knows what to expect: Single, working-class mom from the Bronx gets mixed up in Cinderella circumstances with charming (even prince-like) politician. Dressed up in someone else’s wardrobe, at first he takes her for a princess, but loves her anyway when the time comes to rescue her from her drudgery. As fluffy and formulaic as it is, sometimes this is all we ladies want—a romantic little fairy-tale to share with our girlfriends or the husband who owes us for sitting through the latest Steven Segal debacle. Unfortunately, as much as I wanted to enjoy this movie under said criteria, the story line was just too 1950s for me to take seriously. Don’t get me wrong, I firmly believe that a good Cinderella story, ala â€Å"Working Girl† and â€Å"Pretty Woman† (both of which this film is being compared to), can always be updated for a n ew audience. But the operative word here is update, something screenwriter Kevin Wade doesn’t bother with at all. Jennifer Lopez plays Marisa Ventura, a maid in a ritzy New York hotel who dreams of management, but fears her ethnic background will keep her from ever realizing her ambitions. Ralph Fiennes is the Republican Senatorial candidate who must overcome the prejudices of his campaign manager (Stanley Tucci) to win his blue-collar dream girl. Honestly, this reliance on ethnicity as both a professional and personal obstacle for Marisa comes off not only as lazy, but also inappropriate for today’s political and romantic world. It seems to me that if a woman as smart as Marisa were passed over simply because of her race or housekeeping status, she would certainly know who to contact in the HR department to file a complaint. Similarly, if Fiennes’s campaign manager really can’t see what a political boon it would be for a Republican to fall for a struggling, single mom , then he needs to be fired and immediately sent back to whatever publicity playpen he toddled out of. Anyone with even the least bit of political savvy would surely know how to spin such a situation into a PR goldmine. These may not be issues that would trouble everyone, but for me, this silly, outdated plot translated to an hour and a half of almost straight boredom (pretty clothes and Harry Winston jewels not withstanding). Also, while both Lopez and Fiennes turn in adequate performances, very few sparks build between them,  so, of course, the obligatory sex scene is thrown in to convince us they really are falling in love. It goes without saying this is not the kind of lie our teenagers once again need reinforced to them. So moms, if you do take a Christmas shopping break with your daughters to see this one, I would make sure to point out how drastically this worldly version of love differs from our Christian one. For a far more entertaining afternoon out, you might consider â€Å"Sweet Home Alabama†. It too has some moral problems with its endorsement of homosexuality, but the main characters’ relationship relies on a much deeper foundation, and Reese Witherspoon experiences some growing pains that could provide good lessons for young women. Overall, â€Å"Maid in Manhattan† is simply your average, run of the mill romantic comedy, with very little to make it more than a renter on a slow Saturday night.

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Industrial Organization and Regulation of the Market

A market could be described in simple words as a place where buyers and sellers meet to exchange goods and/or services. In this context the market does not have to take a physical location. This has been made possible by advances in technology where it’s now possible to sell/by goods and or services over the telephone or through the internet.There are different types of markets and these markets are determined by many factors. In general we have two broad categories of markets; these are the industrial markets and consumer markets.Consumer MarketsConsumer markets are the markets for products and services bought by individuals for their own or family or domestic use. Goods bought in consumer markets can be categorised in several ways:†¢ Fast-moving consumer goods (â€Å"FMCG's†)†¢ Consumer durables†¢ Soft goods†¢ Services (e.g. hairdressing, dentists, childcare)Industrial MarketsIndustrial markets involve the sale of goods between businesses. These ar e goods that are not aimed directly at consumers. Industrial markets include†¢ Selling finished goods†¢ Selling raw materials or components†¢ Selling services to businessesIndustrial markets often require a slightly different marketing strategy and mixOrganization and Regulation:In every kind of market situation mistakes just like in the public sector can and do occur. When governments fail we call it government failure but when markets fail we call it market failure. Of course, most deviations from the ideal are minor and do not impose significant costs on society. But when deviations are significant there is often a call for government to do something about the problem. For example, markets can deviate significantly from the competitive ideal — e.g., firms may acquire significant market power, undertake deceptive practices or collude like cartels in order to make abnormal profits.When it comes to regulation and organization of markets there are usually a few goals that every industry and or government wants to achieve. These include consumer protection (from sub-standard or harmful products), price controls (to prevent over exploitation of consumers and unhealthy competition), prevent counterfeiting and black market trading. In essence thus regulation involves administrative guidance of the market in order to make it more efficient.By efficiency we mean Economic efficiency and Economic efficiency is something much more than producing goods at the lowest possible cost. It involves providing individuals with the goods and services they desire, in the quantities, qualities, places, and times they desire them, with the least use of society's scarce resources. Economists argue that if markets are competitive, if accurate information is available, if resources are mobile, and if individuals engaging in the transactions bear the full costs and receive the full benefits of their transactions, economic efficiency will be achieved.Regulation can either be internal or external. Internal regulation usually involves regulation within the industry especially in the field of competition. External regulation involves control through government policies.External regulation includes:Social Regulation.This involves government regulation to contain negative externalities. Environmental problems, like pollution and congestion, are hard to solve[1]. Due to this governments come up with measures to control this, these measures include: Rights to pollute and rights to use highways.Rights to PolluteCreating rights to pollute the air can – paradoxically – help to control pollution. A â€Å"right-to-pollute† solution for pollution control defines a right to pollute and allows that right to be bought and sold. In essence these rights are limited this makes their prices high. In order to avoid paying these huge amounts firms instead install pollution abatement equipments and these help reduce overall pollution.This means that the level of allowable pollution can be specified, as we now do for instance to limit sulphur dioxide emissions in the United States to combat acid rain.[2] Once pollution rights are defined and a given supply is established, a market price can be determined. Then those who can reduce pollution most efficiently, that is, for less than the value of a right to pollute, will reduce pollution and sell their rights to pollute to others. Those who face higher pollution abatement costs can buy the pollution rights and use them for permission to emit pollution.Thus, at market equilibrium, the price of pollution rights reflects the marginal cost of controlling pollution to the level that the available pollution rights will allow.Rights to Highway UseWe pay no price for highway use. We incur the private cost of a vehicle trip between two points, including not only fuel, oil, tire wear, and so on, but also the driver's (and passengers') time, and when congestion is serious that time compo nent goes up.[3] The familiar problem of excessive traffic congestion arises because each of us decides whether to make a highway trip on the basis of the average cost rather than the marginal cost of the trip to society.[4] An additional car can join a stream of cars on the highway and it will share in the average costs and delays of all the other cars. Yet that marginal vehicle causes delays to all the others, delays that the driver of the marginal vehicle does not take into account when joining the traffic stream.A solution to the highway congestion problem can come from assigning a property right in road use — a right to delay others, like the right to pollute. Electronic devices exist now that will record time spent on a road. When placed in vehicles, these devices function like the electricity meter in your house, but they identify the time and location of your road use[5]. Technology and economics combine in these devices to make billing drivers for road use feasible, and that can avoid excessive congestion.Such devices and fees are in effective use in Singapore[6] and many of us should expect to see them in our lifetimes. There are many other areas where social regulationWas introduced in clumsy forms – consumer protection for example – that are improving gradually, based on economicIdeas that improve information and market function.Economic regulation.Economic regulation in many markets has taken a form whereby the number of firms in an industry is determined by the government and the markets firms can serve are specified by the regulatory commission. Prices and rates of return are regulated and, importantly, entry into the industry is either forbidden or made very difficult by law. Thus economic regulation maybe in the form of antitrust laws or price fixation. In antitrust cases, courts follow either â€Å"per se† rules, under which certain facts determine guilt or innocence, or they examine circumstances more broadly and follow a â€Å"rule of reason† analysis, to determine the appropriateness of the observed behaviour.The per se procedure is quicker and easier, and of course it gives more precise guidelines to business firms, but it requires what lawyers call â€Å"bright line,† or clear, rules. The disadvantage of such per se rules is that they may be over or under inclusive. The alternative, rule-of-reason, analysis allows courts to examine the circumstances of each case. It is in these rule of reason analyses that economics is applied far better now than in the past.Limitations of regulation:  Regulation leads to increased costs of conducting business. The direct and indirect costs of regulation result in higher prices and increased costs of employing workers. These costs act as a tax on job creation and employment. They also cause a decrease in productivity. The higher business costs that result from regulation are passed along to consumers in the form of higher prices (indirect taxation). To the extent that lower income individuals spend a greater proportion of their income on the goods and services affected, the higher prices are in essence a form of regressive taxation.[7]Conclusion:The organization and or regulation of any market has its ups and down. Markets and governments always fail from time to time. Due to this a harmonious relation needs to exist between the government and industries. This requires that where regulation leads to increased.Reference:Ellerman, A. Denny, et al. (2000) Markets for clean air: The U.S. acid rain program, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.Mills, David E. 1981. Ownership arrangements and congestion-prone facilities. American Economic Review 71: 493-502.Phang, Sock-Young, and Mukul G. Asher. 1997. Recent developments in Singapore's motor vehicle policies. Journal of Transport Economics and Policy 31: 205-25.Roger Sherman, The Future of Market Regulation available a: www.seapres.wp8.htm.Sherman, Roger. 1967. A private ownership bias in transit choice. American Economic Review 57: 1211-17.Sherman, Roger. 1971. Congestion interdependence and urban transit fares. Econometrica 39: 565-76.Theriault III, Rene J. 1999. The congestion crisis: An evaluation of traffic and congestion remedies for the Washington, DC metropolitan area. Undergraduate thesis, University of Virginia.[1] Roger Sherman, The Future of Market Regulation available a:www.seapres.wp8.htm[2] Ellerman, A. Denny, et al. 2000. Markets for clean air: The U.S. acid rain program, Cambridge: Cambridge UniversityPress. [3] Sherman, Roger. 1967. A private ownership bias in transit choice. American Economic Review 57: 1211-17. [4] Mills, David E. 1981. Ownership arrangements and congestion-prone facilities. American Economic Review 71: 493-502. [5] Theriault III, Rene J. 1999. The congestion crisis: An evaluation of traffic and congestion remedies for the Washington,DC metropolitan area. Undergraduate thesis, University of Virginia. [6] Phang, Sock-Young, and Mukul G. Asher. 1997. Recent developments in Singapore's motor vehicle policies. Journal ofTransport Economics and Policy 31: 205-25. [7] Web article available at:www.regulation.org

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Pepsico Diversification Essay

PepsiCo’s Diversification Strategy in 2008 PepsiCo was the world’s largest snack and beverage company, with 2007 net revenues of approximately $39. 5 billion. The company’s portfolio of businesses in 2008 included Frito-Lay salty snacks, Quaker Chewy granola bars, Pepsi soft drink products, Tropicana orange juice, Lipton Brisk tea, Gatorade, Propel, SoBe, Quaker Oatmeal, Cap’n Crunch, Aquafina, Rice-A-Roni, Aunt Jemima pancake mix, and many other regularly consumed products. Company History PepsiCo Inc. was established in 1965 when Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay shareholders agreed to a merger between the salty snack icon and soft drink giant. The new company was founded with annual revenues of $510 million and such well-known brands as Pepsi-Cola, Mountain Dew, Fritos, Lay’s, Cheetos, Ruffles, and Rold Gold. PepsiCo’s roots can be traced to 1898 when New Bern, North Carolina, pharmacist Caleb Bradham created the formula for a carbonated beverage he named Pepsi-Cola. The company’s salty-snack business began in 1932 when Elmer Doolin of San Antonio, Texas, began manufacturing and marketing Fritos corn chips and Herman Lay started started a potato chip distribution business in Nashville, Tennessee. In 1961, Doolin and Lay agreed to a merger between their businesses to establish the Frito-Lay Company. There are also so many other products and companies that merger with PepsiCo throughout the years. Once Quaker Oats’ food, snack and beverage brand merged with PepsiCo companies in the United States and internationally broadened it portfolio of the brands. Internationally Pepsi brought countries like the Netherlands, Poland, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Brazil and Canada. Marketing From the 1930s through the late ’50s, â€Å"Pepsi-Cola Hits The Spot† was the most commonly used slogan in the days of old radio, classic motion pictures, and later television. Its jingle (conceived in the days when Pepsi cost only five cents) was used in many different forms with different lyrics. With the rise of television, Pepsi utilized the services of a young, up-and-coming actress named Polly Bergento promote products, oftentimes lending her singing talents to the classic â€Å"†¦ Hits The Spot† jingle. Some of these Bergen spots can be seen on ClassicTVAds. com. Through the intervening decades, there have been many different Pepsi theme songs sung on television by a variety of artists, from Joanie Summersto The Jacksonsto Britney Spears. See Slogans) In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challengemarketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercialsreporting the results to the public. In late 2008, Pepsi overh auled their entire brand, simultaneously introducing a new logo and a minimalistlabel design. The redesign was comparable to Coca-Cola’s earlier simplification of their can and bottle designs. Also in 2008 Pepsi teamed up with Google/YouTube to produce the first daily entertainment show on Youtube, Poptub. This daily show deals with pop culture, internet viral videos, and celebrity gossip. Poptub is updated daily from Pepsi. In 2009, â€Å"Bring Home the Cup,† changed to â€Å"Team Up and Bring Home the Cup. † The new installment of the campaign asks for team involvement and an advocate to submit content on behalf of their team for the chance to have the Stanley Cupdelivered to the team’s hometown by Mark Messier. Pepsi has official sponsorship deals with three of the four major North American professional sports leagues: the National Football League, National Hockey Leagueand Major League Baseball. Pepsi also sponsors Major League Soccer. Pepsi also has sponsorship deals in international cricketteams. The Pakistan cricket teamis one of the teams that the brand sponsors. The team wears the Pepsi logo on the front of their test and ODI test match clothing. On July 6, 2009, Pepsi announced it would make a $1 billion investment in Russia over three years, bringing the total Pepsi investment in the country to $4 billion. In July 2009, Shag-me started marketing itself as Pepsi in Argentinain response to its name being mispronounced by 25% of the population and as a way to connect more with all of the population. In October 2008, Pepsi announced that it would be redesigning its logo and re-branding many of its products by early 2009. In 2009, Pepsi, Diet Pepsiand Pepsi Maxbegan using all lower-case fonts for name brands, and Diet Pepsi Max was re-branded as Pepsi Max. The brand’s blue and red globe trademarkbecame a series of â€Å"smiles,† with the central white band arcing at different angles depending on the product until 2010. Pepsi released this logo in U. S. in late 2008, and later it was released in 2009 in Canada(the first country outside of the United States for Pepsi’s new logo), Brazil, Bolivia, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador, Colombia, Argentina, Puerto Rico, Costa Rica, Panama, Chile, Dominican Republic, the Philippines and Australia; in the rest of the world the new logo has been released in 2010, meaning the old logo has been phased out entirely (most recently, Franceand Mexicoswitched to Pepsi’s current logo). The UK started to use the new Pepsi logo on cans in an order different from the US can. In mid-2010, all Pepsi variants, regular, diet, and Pepsi Max, have started using only the medium-sized â€Å"smile† Pepsi Globe. Pepsi and Pepsi Max cans and bottles in Australia now carry the localized version of the new Pepsi Logo. The word Pepsi and the logo are in the new style, while the word â€Å"Max† is still in the previous style. Pepsi Wild Cherryfinally received the 2008 Pepsi design in March 2010. PepsiCo and it’s THREAT According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste testsin stores, in what was called the â€Å"Pepsi Challenge†. These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemonoil, less orangeoil, and uses vanillinrather than vanilla) to Coke. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the â€Å"Challenge† across the nation. This became known as the â€Å"Cola Wars†. In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly reintroducing the original formula as Coke â€Å"Classic†. According to Beverage Digest’2008 report on carbonated soft drinks, PepsiCo’s U. S. market share is 30. 8 percent, while The Coca-Cola Company’s is 42. 7 percent. Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi in most parts of the U. S. , notable exceptions being central Appalachia, North Dakota, and Utah. In the city of Buffalo, New York, Pepsi outsells Coca-Cola by a two-to-one margin. Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. However, exceptions include India; Saudi Arabia; Pakistan(Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket teamsince the 1990s); the Dominican Republic; Guatemalathe Canadian provincesof Quebec, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island; and Northern Ontario.

Tuesday, August 13, 2019

Customer Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Customer Knowledge Management - Essay Example Customer knowledge gained from firsthand customer contact is very persuasive. Smart CEOs at firms like IBM, Cisco, and EMC intuitively realize this, and their senior managers contact their major customers on a regular basis. These firms also act on that information to improve relationships with those important customers. The benefits of customer knowledge management have concentrated at the individual level. For example, Dreyfus, like other mutual fund firms, keeps track of client activity, claiming that they can predict when a client is going to shift money out of their mutual funds. Clients receive a call from a Dreyfus representative, who wants to know how the client feels about the investment and if his or her goals are being met. If Dreyfus is able to track clients at all stages of the consumption process, then the firm has a better chance of retaining the customer. A number of CRM - and ERP-type software programs allow companies to track processes in the life of a specific sale s order from order entry all the way to delivery to customer. Of course, FedEx introducing package tracking is a well-known example from years ago. There are a number of benefits of information technology for firms of any size. The marketing research practice has undergone a major transformation in recent years. A primary function of marketing research activities is to collect and analyze customer information. Technology has enabled all phases of the marketing research process ranging from sampling and data collection to analysis and reporting. With newer technologies and faster cycle times, firms conduct research at all stages of the product lifecycle and not just at the product development stage or the test marketing stage.  

Primary Source Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Primary Source Analysis - Assignment Example The author seems to be the type of a person who has the feeling that the society from which he comes as it is more superior to the other communities. The author expresses biasness in the story by telling us that when the middle kingdom loses its rites; we have to look at them within the four barbarians. The statement expresses his biasness (Kim 7). There are several lessons that the story PuyÃ…  tells, these include strict cultural practices, beliefs and customs that we learn from his story, the writer puts forward the main economic activity of the barbarians by telling us how they have a suitable land for cultivation. The writer also highlights on various punishments given by the society when they have marriage issues, the issue of wife inheritance is also prevalent in some communities, and the writer puts it very clear. The story also talks about religious practices done by some communities in various times like before going to war. The story also talks about the society that keeps animals and how good some of these communities are at the practice (Kim